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                  <text>Saja Osman </text>
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                <text>Chlorite pendant in the form of the head of an African (known as Ethiopian)</text>
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                <text>Africans in Ancient Greek Art </text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/243889"&gt;The Metropolitan Museum of Art&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>9th-8th Century B.C.</text>
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                <text>Saja Osman</text>
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                <text>Public Domain. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Used here for educational purposes only. </text>
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                <text>I chose these two images because they reflect on how the Africans were simplified and objectified. &#13;
&#13;
The first sculpture is from the Iron age, and shows how the Greek liked to generalize or oversimplify the “Ethiopians.” The face is exaggerated, with an exceedingly large nose/nostrils and wide, pursed lips. The hair doesn’t even look like hair, they just poked holes in the head and called it a day. Comparing the art to today’s times, I think that many people would say that this contributes to the animalization or historically racist caricatures of black people today. Not only that, but this is a pendant, people willingly wore this around their neck like it was jewelry. I think that also says something about the objectification of black people at the time. &#13;
&#13;
 While Africans were mainly used for entertainment purposes, my second image (from the Hellenistic period) shows that they had also been enslaved by the Greek. The little boy is naked, and the terracotta vase is meant for people to pour their water into. This is a bit contradictory considering that slaves were deprived of many resources, yet the artist wanted people to give him water. Comparing both art pieces, I find it interesting that when depicting Africans, the Greek often turned the art into an object (whether with utility or not). When looking at the Greek depicting themselves, they are often these huge, marble structures or statues with intricate detail, and rarely imposed as an object. They also happened to be clothed, but when they aren’t its regarded as symbolism for purity and is almost luxurious. &#13;
&#13;
Further Questions: I am wondering why the Metropolitan only revealed one image that suggested slavery was prevalent in Greece. Keeping in mind that many affluent people collected Greek art, I wonder if they were as enthusiastic to purchase Greek depictions of Africans art. I also wonder if we have perspectives on any of the people who were enslaved or the artist’s that sculpted them. I think that it would make an exceptional conversation to speak about slavery in regards to divinity, and the justifications people had. </text>
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                <text>"From Amathus"</text>
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                <text>The Metropolitan Museum of Art</text>
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                <text>David O'Keefe&#13;
Athenian Tetradrachm: Female Head (obverse)</text>
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                <text>An Athenian Statue of a female head</text>
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                <text>The Cleveland Museum of Art</text>
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                <text>Bronze statuette of an African (known as Ethiopian) youth</text>
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                <text>Hellenistic bronze art </text>
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                <text>"Medium: Bronze&#13;
Dimensions: H. 18.29 cm.&#13;
Classification: Bronzes"&#13;
These sculptures of Ethiopians tell us a lot about how they were viewed in Greek culture during the 3rd-2nd century B.C. The Terracotta vase in the form of a sleeping African (known as Ethiopian) boy, is a sculpture of a young boy that is naked and weary. He seems poor as he has no clothing or shoes to wear. He is sleeping and looks extremely exhausted, indicating a long day of work, possibly as a slave. The title of the sculpture indicates that the subject is a young Ethiopian boy. This comments on the dehumanizing way Greek’s saw Ethiopians. They seemed to be categorized as servants and workers comparable to a brute. The other sculpture I choose is called Bronze statuette of an African (known as Ethiopian) youth. The subject’s clothing covers almost nothing and his prominent muscles suggest years of manual labor. His eyes seem to be hollowed out, which is another detail that makes him look like more of an animal or monster rather than a human. These pieces comment on the racial prejudice Greeks had against Africans at this time even though they had little contact with them. I wish to review how to effectively analyze artwork.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/18.145.10/"&gt;The Metropolitan Museum of Art&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>3rd–2nd century B.C.</text>
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                <text>Anna Lucas</text>
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                <text>Copyright, The Metropolitan Museum of Art.&#13;
Used here for educational purposes only. </text>
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                <text>Terracotta vase in the form of a sleeping African (known as Ethiopian) boy</text>
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                <text>"Medium: Terracotta&#13;
Dimensions: H. 8 3/16 in. (20.8 cm)&#13;
Classification: Vases"&#13;
These sculptures of Ethiopians tell us a lot about how they were viewed in Greek culture during the 3rd-2nd century B.C. The Terracotta vase in the form of a sleeping African (known as Ethiopian) boy, is a sculpture of a young boy that is naked and weary. He seems poor as he has no clothing or shoes to wear. He is sleeping and looks extremely exhausted, indicating a long day of work, possibly as a slave. The title of the sculpture indicates that the subject is a young Ethiopian boy. This comments on the dehumanizing way Greek’s saw Ethiopians. They seemed to be categorized as servants and workers comparable to a brute. The other sculpture I choose is called Bronze statuette of an African (known as Ethiopian) youth. The subject’s clothing covers almost nothing and his prominent muscles suggest years of manual labor. His eyes seem to be hollowed out, which is another detail that makes him look like more of an animal or monster rather than a human. These pieces comment on the racial prejudice Greeks had against Africans at this time even though they had little contact with them. I wish to review how to effectively analyze artwork.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/74.51.2263/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;The Metropolitan Museum of Art&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text> ca. 3rd–2nd century B.C.</text>
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                <text>Copyright, The Metropolitan Museum of Art.&#13;
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                  <text>Ancient Hellenistic Period Art</text>
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                  <text>Although Mauryan Period art features women, Hellenistic art features women in a more everyday sense though their depiction of clothing, physical appearance, and position of body in their sculptures. Both pieces I chose to analyze were sculptures made of Terracotta and featured two standing women. One being a seemingly younger girl and one being a woman. By comparing and contrasting the physical characteristics of these two females, I hope to draw conclusions about everyday life of a woman in the Hellenistic Period. Both females are wrapped in “himation (cloaks)” and they are both wrapped tightly around their body. This is believed to be used for a fashion statement and it resembles everyday clothing of women and girls. Unlike most Mauryan pieces, which feature deities, you see both women standing naturally in these sculptures. The young girl is a little hunched in a child-like way and the light smile hints at a child nature. According to Metropolitan Museum of Art, children were no longer represented as miniature adults but rather were given childlike proportions and features in the Hellenistic time period. This shows us a more “real” sense of humanity during that time period. Even in the sculpture of the woman, we see drapes of cloth as clothing rather than them being naked. This shows a more everyday approach to artwork. The Metropolitan Museum also states that some Hellenistic art pieces featured “women...are seated or playing games”. This certainly speaks towards the portrayal of everyday life. I wish to further analyze the “why” to certain clothing pieces, accessories, and the functions of both of those used in tandem. I also wish to relearn the three major parts of a thesis statement.&#13;
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                <text>Terracotta Statuette of a Standing Girl&#13;
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                <text>Medium: Terracotta&#13;
&#13;
Dimensions: Overall: 4 1/2 x 1 3/4 x 1 1/16 in. (11.4 x 4.4 x 2.6 cm)&#13;
&#13;
Classification: Terracottas&#13;
&#13;
Although Mauryan Period art features women, Hellenistic art features women in a more everyday sense though their depiction of clothing, physical appearance, and position of body in their sculptures. Both pieces I chose to analyze were sculptures made of Terracotta and featured two standing women. One being a seemingly younger girl and one being a woman. By comparing and contrasting the physical characteristics of these two females, I hope to draw conclusions about everyday life of a woman in the Hellenistic Period. Both females are wrapped in “himation (cloaks)” and they are both wrapped tightly around their body. This is believed to be used for a fashion statement and it resembles everyday clothing of women and girls. Unlike most Mauryan pieces, which feature deities, you see both women standing naturally in these sculptures. The young girl is a little hunched in a child-like way and the light smile hints at a child nature. According to Metropolitan Museum of Art, children were no longer represented as miniature adults but rather were given childlike proportions and features in the Hellenistic time period. This shows us a more “real” sense of humanity during that time period. Even in the sculpture of the woman, we see drapes of cloth as clothing rather than them being naked. This shows a more everyday approach to artwork. The Metropolitan Museum also states that some Hellenistic art pieces featured “women...are seated or playing games”. This certainly speaks towards the portrayal of everyday life. I wish to further analyze the “why” to certain clothing pieces, accessories, and the functions of both of those used in tandem. I also wish to relearn the three major parts of a thesis statement.&#13;
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/07.286.31/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;The Metropolitan Museum of Art&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>ca. 300 B.C.&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Copy Right, The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Used for Educational Purposes Only.&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Terracotta</text>
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                <text>From the Metropolitan Museum of Art website, &#13;
"Date: 3rd-2nd century B.C. &#13;
Medium: Terracotta, black oxidation patina &#13;
Dimensions :H. 6 1/4 in. (15.9 cm); W. 4 3/4 in. (12.1 cm); D. 1 7/8 in. (14.8 cm)" Sculpture of a standing Deity with a large head piece and necklace.&#13;
These sculptures present that early India was very religious and seemed to worship the same Female Deity, possibly Yakashi, throughout. They also show that different materials were used depending on the location and origin of the sculpture. The Standing Female Deity (from Northern India) was created using terracotta and black oxidation patina, whereas the Bust of a Female Deity (Yakashi?) (From India) was constructed with grey clay. I can conclude that the material that was used either showed significance or was the only material available at that time (some families only had access to certain material). With that being said, the wide range of materials proves that a wide range of people were depicting possibly the same entity, no matter the social class or experience of the artist themselves. The sculptures also seem to be around the same size, ranging from 16-9 cm. This shows that they were accustomed to only making smaller sculptures, or they didn’t have enough material to make larger sculptures. Or, another possibility is that large sculptures may not have survived. </text>
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                <text>Anonymous Gift to The Met 1978</text>
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                <text>The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Used for educational purposes only.</text>
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                <text>Bust of a Female Deity (Yakashi?)</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>From The Metropolitan Museum of Art website, &#13;
"Date: 3rd-2nd century B.C. &#13;
Culture: India&#13;
Dimensions :3 1/2 x 2 1/2 in. (8.9 x 6.4 cm)&#13;
Medium: Gray Clay" A small sculpture of the torso of a Female Deity believed to be Yakashi.&#13;
These sculptures present that early India was very religious and seemed to worship the same Female Deity, possibly Yakashi, throughout. They also show that different materials were used depending on the location and origin of the sculpture. The Standing Female Deity (from Northern India) was created using terracotta and black oxidation patina, whereas the Bust of a Female Deity (Yakashi?) (From India) was constructed with grey clay. I can conclude that the material that was used either showed significance or was the only material available at that time (some families only had access to certain material). With that being said, the wide range of materials proves that a wide range of people were depicting possibly the same entity, no matter the social class or experience of the artist themselves. The sculptures also seem to be around the same size, ranging from 16-9 cm. This shows that they were accustomed to only making smaller sculptures, or they didn’t have enough material to make larger sculptures. Or, another possibility is that large sculptures may not have survived. &#13;
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                <text>Rogers Fund, 1928</text>
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                <text>Metropolitan Museum of Art</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="745">
                <text>Metropolitan Museum of Art. Used for educational purposes only. </text>
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                <text>Indian</text>
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                  <text>Molly Rapp</text>
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                  <text>Ancient Hellenistic Period Art</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Although Mauryan Period art features women, Hellenistic art features women in a more everyday sense though their depiction of clothing, physical appearance, and position of body in their sculptures. Both pieces I chose to analyze were sculptures made of Terracotta and featured two standing women. One being a seemingly younger girl and one being a woman. By comparing and contrasting the physical characteristics of these two females, I hope to draw conclusions about everyday life of a woman in the Hellenistic Period. Both females are wrapped in “himation (cloaks)” and they are both wrapped tightly around their body. This is believed to be used for a fashion statement and it resembles everyday clothing of women and girls. Unlike most Mauryan pieces, which feature deities, you see both women standing naturally in these sculptures. The young girl is a little hunched in a child-like way and the light smile hints at a child nature. According to Metropolitan Museum of Art, children were no longer represented as miniature adults but rather were given childlike proportions and features in the Hellenistic time period. This shows us a more “real” sense of humanity during that time period. Even in the sculpture of the woman, we see drapes of cloth as clothing rather than them being naked. This shows a more everyday approach to artwork. The Metropolitan Museum also states that some Hellenistic art pieces featured “women...are seated or playing games”. This certainly speaks towards the portrayal of everyday life. I wish to further analyze the “why” to certain clothing pieces, accessories, and the functions of both of those used in tandem. I also wish to relearn the three major parts of a thesis statement.&#13;
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Terracotta Statuette of a Standing Woman&#13;
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                <text>Hellenistic Sculptural Art</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>"Medium: Terracotta&#13;
&#13;
Dimensions: H. 6 7/16 in. (16.4 cm)&#13;
&#13;
Classification: Terracottas"&#13;
&#13;
Although Mauryan Period art features women, Hellenistic art features women in a more everyday sense though their depiction of clothing, physical appearance, and position of body in their sculptures. Both pieces I chose to analyze were sculptures made of Terracotta and featured two standing women. One being a seemingly younger girl and one being a woman. By comparing and contrasting the physical characteristics of these two females, I hope to draw conclusions about everyday life of a woman in the Hellenistic Period. Both females are wrapped in “himation (cloaks)” and they are both wrapped tightly around their body. This is believed to be used for a fashion statement and it resembles everyday clothing of women and girls. Unlike most Mauryan pieces, which feature deities, you see both women standing naturally in these sculptures. The young girl is a little hunched in a child-like way and the light smile hints at a child nature. According to Metropolitan Museum of Art, children were no longer represented as miniature adults but rather were given childlike proportions and features in the Hellenistic time period. This shows us a more “real” sense of humanity during that time period. Even in the sculpture of the woman, we see drapes of cloth as clothing rather than them being naked. This shows a more everyday approach to artwork. The Metropolitan Museum also states that some Hellenistic art pieces featured “women...are seated or playing games”. This certainly speaks towards the portrayal of everyday life. I wish to further analyze the “why” to certain clothing pieces, accessories, and the functions of both of those used in tandem. I also wish to relearn the three major parts of a thesis statement.&#13;
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/09.221.28/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;The Metropolitan Museum of Art&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>"Date: late 4th–early 3rd century B.C."</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>Molly Rapp</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="737">
                <text>Copy Right, The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Used for Educational Purposes Only. </text>
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                <text>Terracotta</text>
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                <text>Sculpture</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
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                <elementText elementTextId="685">
                  <text>Joe Lapadula</text>
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                  <text>Hellenistic Art</text>
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                  <text>The images that I have chosen both depict Africans in Greek society. One of the images is a bronze statue of craftsman who may have worked at a forge or foundry, and the other is a terracotta vase that shows a fatigued slave or servant. From these images, it can be seen what life may have been like in ancient Greece and what role African individuals may have had in society. In both pieces of art, the subjects are shown working in rough conditions, indicating that they both may have lived in a lower class in Greek society. Based on the readings from the week, it’s stated that it’s still debated between historians whether racial prejudice towards African people existed at the time, however, these two images still depict the hard lives that many people lived at the time. I believe that through looking at art, historians can get a glimpse into the lives of different groups of people that existed in ancient Greece and the conditions that slaves and those in the working class may have been subjected to.</text>
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                <text>Bronze statuette of an African (known as Ethiopian) youth</text>
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                <text>Hellenistic Art</text>
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                <text>"Medium:Bronze&#13;
Dimensions:H. 18.29 cm.&#13;
Classification:Bronzes"&#13;
The images that I have chosen both depict Africans in Greek society. One of the images is a bronze statue of craftsman who may have worked at a forge or foundry, and the other is a terracotta vase that shows a fatigued slave or servant. From these images, it can be seen what life may have been like in ancient Greece and what role African individuals may have had in society. In both pieces of art, the subjects are shown working in rough conditions, indicating that they both may have lived in a lower class in Greek society. Based on the readings from the week, it’s stated that it’s still debated between historians whether racial prejudice towards African people existed at the time, however, these two images still depict the hard lives that many people lived at the time. I believe that through looking at art, historians can get a glimpse into the lives of different groups of people that existed in ancient Greece and the conditions that slaves and those in the working class may have been subjected to.</text>
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                <text>Greek</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/250673"&gt;The Metropolitan Museum of Art&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="709">
                <text>The Metropolitan Museum of Art</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>"3rd–2nd century B.C."</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="711">
                <text>Joe Lapadula</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="712">
                <text>Copyright, The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Used here for educational purposes only</text>
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            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="713">
                <text>Bronze Statues</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="714">
                <text>"H. 18.29 cm."</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="715">
                <text>English</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Image</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="717">
                <text>https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/250673</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="718">
                <text>"3rd–2nd century B.C."</text>
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        <src>https://jacknorton.org/1101-online-sp19/files/original/b71f75fbc6e4b99cc278b8628eb63450.jpg</src>
        <authentication>efa6034c59540c266a4f7a24e2cdf2a1</authentication>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Joe Lapadula</text>
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              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Hellenistic Art</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>The images that I have chosen both depict Africans in Greek society. One of the images is a bronze statue of craftsman who may have worked at a forge or foundry, and the other is a terracotta vase that shows a fatigued slave or servant. From these images, it can be seen what life may have been like in ancient Greece and what role African individuals may have had in society. In both pieces of art, the subjects are shown working in rough conditions, indicating that they both may have lived in a lower class in Greek society. Based on the readings from the week, it’s stated that it’s still debated between historians whether racial prejudice towards African people existed at the time, however, these two images still depict the hard lives that many people lived at the time. I believe that through looking at art, historians can get a glimpse into the lives of different groups of people that existed in ancient Greece and the conditions that slaves and those in the working class may have been subjected to.</text>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Terracotta vase in the form of a sleeping African (known as Ethiopian) boy</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Hellenistic Art</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="691">
                <text>"Medium:Terracotta&#13;
Dimensions:H. 8 3/16 in. (20.8 cm)&#13;
Classification:Vases"&#13;
The images that I have chosen both depict Africans in Greek society. One of the images is a bronze statue of craftsman who may have worked at a forge or foundry, and the other is a terracotta vase that shows a fatigued slave or servant. From these images, it can be seen what life may have been like in ancient Greece and what role African individuals may have had in society. In both pieces of art, the subjects are shown working in rough conditions, indicating that they both may have lived in a lower class in Greek society. Based on the readings from the week, it’s stated that it’s still debated between historians whether racial prejudice towards African people existed at the time, however, these two images still depict the hard lives that many people lived at the time. I believe that through looking at art, historians can get a glimpse into the lives of different groups of people that existed in ancient Greece and the conditions that slaves and those in the working class may have been subjected to.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Greek</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="693">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/241816"&gt;The Metropolitan Museum of Art&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="694">
                <text>The Metropolitan Museum of Art</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>"ca. 3rd–2nd century B.C."</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>Joe Lapadula</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="697">
                <text>Copyright, The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Used here for educational purposes only</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="698">
                <text>Terracotta Vases</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="699">
                <text>"H. 8 3/16 in. (20.8 cm)"</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>English</text>
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          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Image</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="702">
                <text>https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/241816</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="703">
                <text>"ca. 3rd–2nd century B.C."</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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  </item>
</itemContainer>
